--Do your homework.
--Remember, it's not all about you.
--Be respectful.
--Be on time.
--Be prepared for surprises.
--Don't be afraid to say you don't understand.
--Ask for input.
Though it could be advice for kids going back to school, I'm thinking about some tips for conducting good interviews.
First, do your homework. Whether you're interviewing the CEO or an engineer, don't take up their time by asking them questions you should have researched yourself. With the wealth of information available on the Internet, there is no excuse for not preparing. "Google" the person you're interviewing. Read some items they've written or what has been written about them. Do some elementary research on the topic of the interview. It saves time. It shows you're interested in the topic, and, it will help you prepare better questions for the interview.
Remember, it's not about you. No matter how wrapped up you get in the discussion, refrain from monopolizing the interview. Discussion of your experience can help warm up the interviewee, but know when to back off and listen to your subject. Remember why you are there.
Be respectful and be on time. Don't keep your subject waiting. It shows a lack of interest on your part and can negatively affect your subject's willingness to share with you. If you have to be late or even cancel, be sure you let your subject know.
Be prepared for surprises. Listen carefully. It's not unusual for your subject to embark on an aspect of the topic you have not considered. Don't miss the opportunity to explore a potentially good aspect of the story just because you hadn't planned on following that particular avenue. I've listened to taped interviews of retirees where the interviewer followed a set of written questions he never deviated from. The question might be "Tell me about the building over on 2nd Street." And the interviewee would say, "Oh yes, there was a big fire there in 1956 and we had to move out." And the interviewee would totally fail to follow up on the fire incident and move on to "What year did you retire?" I never found out what happened at the fire.
Don't be afraid to say you don't understand. If you don't understand the material, you'll never be be able to write about so someone else can understand it. Worse yet, you may not get enough information to write a good story. When I was in high school working for my home town weekly, I came back from an interview without a story. My editor made me go back and re-do the interview. I was so humiliated that I vowed, I'd never come away without a story again and I thank him for that lesson.
Last, always ask your subject if there is something they'd like to add that you may not have thought to cover. Sometimes, the subject will have an aspect of the story that you have not thought about. Also, oftentimes, the subject will use this opportunity to clarify something, or take the opportunity to emphasize what he or she thinks is the most important aspect of the story. It's all good feedback.
Let me know if I've missed anything you'd like to add.